Based on the knowledge of smart manufacturing, this chapter focuses on the smart manufacturing reference architecture, including the definition of the reference architecture, the logic behind it, how to design the system architecture of smart manufacturing, how to design smart factories, and the most basic unit systems that make up smart factories. The purpose is…
Logistics refers to items’ movement, storage, and services and is usually called supply chain services. Factory logistics refers to the logistics management in the factory area or supply chain management and services. From factory warehouse management to distribution to workshop, from workshop to every machine, and workshop to warehousing, all belong to the management category…
Nesting refers to the process of looping and iterating on a large raw material in the manufacturing industry, constantly changing and adjusting the placement of parts, arranging cutting patterns, and always finding the best combination to minimize the waste of raw materials. Nesting can also be called nesting and cutting. It’s an old concept that…
Contrary to subtractive manufacturing, where materials are constantly reduced, additive manufacturing refers to continuously adding materials. Additive manufacturing here specifically refers to the processing method of manufacturing objects like 3D printers. In the 1990s, the term for additive printing was called rapid prototyping. Similar to the ancient printing method of engraving, the engraved image is…
Subtractive Manufacturing refers to removing excess raw materials through processing in the manufacturing process and finally obtaining the required shape and size. Those that meet this feature are called subtractive manufacturing. This is in contrast to the current additive manufacturing corresponding to 3D printing, which used to be called machining. Examples: original carved characters, furniture,…
Deep learning is a class of machine learning algorithms that progressively uses multiple layers to extract higher-level features from the raw input. For example, lower layers in image processing may identify edges, while higher layers may identify the concepts relevant to a human, such as digits, letters, or faces.[1] In machine learning, one of the…
The history of human civilization is the history of manufacturing. Man invented many tools to improve efficiency. But, no matter what kind of tools, man is always the subject, and tools are only an extension of the human hands. People expect the machine to work for people and hope that the machine also has the…
As cloud computing services continue to evolve, the business model of software changes and the National Institute of Standards NIST has proposed three standard models, namely the well-known Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). From the previous section on cloud computing, those that provide virtual machine…
From humans’ inventions of digital symbols, digital positional systems (Radix, or Base), abacus, mechanical computers, electronic computers, personal computers, and servers, humans have constantly challenged the limits of computing. Nevertheless, their computing power has continued to improve, from once per minute, Once per second, ten times per second, millions of times per second, up to…
Cloud computing, big data, software as a service (SaaS), so many concepts, how to distinguish and understand them? Let’s go back to 3000 B.C. when number symbols began to appear to start understanding what computing is. Figure 2-4 shows the number of symbols that appeared one after another from ancient times. It should be said…